Famous Art in the Los Angeles County Art Museum
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![]() Museum pavilion, April 2014 | |
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Established | 1910[one] [two] |
---|---|
Location | 5905 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles United States |
Coordinates | 34°03′46″North 118°21′28″W / 34.062895°Northward 118.357837°W / 34.062895; -118.357837 Coordinates: 34°03′46″N 118°21′28″W / 34.062895°Northward 118.357837°W / 34.062895; -118.357837 |
Blazon | Encyclopedic, Art museum |
Visitors | one,592,101 (2016)[3] |
Managing director | Michael Govan |
Architect | William Pereira (1965) Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates (1986) Bruce Goff (1988) |
Public transit access | Autobus: 20, 217, 720 or 780 to Wilshire Bl and Fairfax Av Hereafter Rail: Wilshire/Fairfax (service to begin in approximately 2023) |
Website | www |
The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) is an art museum located on Wilshire Boulevard in the Phenomenon Mile vicinity of Los Angeles. LACMA is on Museum Row, side by side to the La Brea Tar Pits (George C. Page Museum).
LACMA was founded in 1961, splitting from the Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art. Four years later, it moved to the Wilshire Boulevard complex designed by William Pereira. The museum's wealth and collections grew in the 1980s, and it added several buildings beginning in that decade and continuing in subsequent decades. In 2020, four buildings on the campus were demolished to brand way for a reconstructed facility designed past Peter Zumthor. His design drew stiff community opposition and was lambasted by architectural critics and museum curators, who objected to its reduced gallery infinite, poor pattern, and exorbitant costs.[four] [5] [6]
LACMA is the largest art museum in the western The states. Information technology attracts nearly a million visitors annually.[7] It holds more than 150,000 works spanning the history of art from ancient times to the present. In improver to fine art exhibits, the museum features film and concert series.
History [edit]
Early years [edit]
The Los Angeles County Museum of Art was established every bit a museum in 1961. Prior to this, LACMA was part of the Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art, founded in 1910 in Exposition Park near the University of Southern California. Howard F. Ahmanson, Sr., Anna Bing Arnold and Bart Lytton were the first chief patrons of the museum. Ahmanson fabricated the atomic number 82 donation of $2 million, convincing the museum board that sufficient funds could exist raised to establish the new museum. In 1965 the museum moved to a new Wilshire Boulevard complex as an independent, art-focused institution, the largest new museum to be built in the United States after the National Gallery of Art.
William Pereira Buildings [edit]
The museum, built in a mode like to Lincoln Eye and the Los Angeles Music Center, consisted of three buildings: the Ahmanson Building, the Bing Center, and the Lytton Gallery (renamed the Frances and Armand Hammer Edifice in 1968). The board selected LA builder William Pereira over the directors' recommendation of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the buildings.[8] According to a 1965 Los Angeles Times story, the total cost of the three buildings was $11.5 million.[9] Structure began in 1963, and was undertaken by the Del E. Webb Corporation. Structure was completed in early 1965.[10] At the time, the Los Angeles Music Center and LACMA were concurrent big borough projects which vied for attending and donors in Los Angeles. When the museum opened, the buildings were surrounded by reflecting pools, but they were filled in and covered over when tar from the adjacent La Brea Tar Pits began seeping in.[9]
1980s [edit]
Money poured into LACMA during the boom years of the 1980s, a reportedly $209 1000000 in private donations during director Earl Powell's tenure.[12] To house its growing collections of modernistic and contemporary fine art and to provide more space for exhibitions, the museum hired the architectural house of Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates to blueprint its $35.3-million,[thirteen] 115,000-square-pes Robert O. Anderson Building for 20th-century art, which opened in 1986 (renamed the Art of the Americas Building in 2007). In the far-reaching expansion, museum-goers henceforth entered through the new partially roofed cardinal court, nearly an acre of infinite bounded by the museum's four buildings.[fourteen]
The museum's Pavilion for Japanese Art, designed past maverick architect Bruce Goff, opened in 1988, equally did the B. Gerald Cantor Sculpture Garden of Rodin bronzes.
In 1999, the Hancock Park Improvement Project was complete, and the LACMA-adjacent park (designed by landscape architect Laurie Olin) was inaugurated with a gratuitous public celebration. The $10-one thousand thousand renovation replaced dead trees and blank earth with picnic facilities, walkways, viewing sites for the La Brea tar pits and a 150-seat red granite amphitheater designed past artist Jackie Ferrara.[15]
Also in 1994, LACMA purchased the adjacent former May Visitor section shop building, an impressive example of streamline moderne architecture designed by Albert C. Martin Sr. LACMA W increased the museum'due south size by 30 percent when the building opened in 1998.[xvi]
Renzo Piano Buildings [edit]
In 2004 LACMA's Board of Trustees unanimously approved a plan for LACMA's transformation by architect Rem Koolhaas, who had proposed razing all the current buildings and constructing an entirely new single, tent-topped construction,[17] [18] estimated to cost $200 million to $300 million.[xix] Kohlhaas edged out French architect Jean Nouvel, who would have added a major building while renovating the older facilities.[20] The list of candidates had previously narrowed to v in May 2001: Koolhaas, Nouvel, Steven Holl, Daniel Libeskind and Thom Mayne.[20]
However, the projection soon stalled after the museum failed to secure funding.[21] In 2004 LACMA's Lath of Trustees unanimously approved plans to transform the museum, led past builder Renzo Piano. The planned transformation consisted of iii phases.
Phase I started in 2004 and was completed in February 2008. The renovations required demolishing the parking structure on Ogden Avenue and with it LACMA-commissioned graffiti art by street artists Margaret Kilgallen and Barry McGee.[22] The entry pavilion is a fundamental point in architect Renzo Piano's plan to unify LACMA'southward sprawling, often confusing layout of buildings. The BP Grand Entrance and the adjacent Broad Gimmicky Fine art Museum (BCAM) comprise the $191 million (originally $150 million) beginning phase of the three-function expansion and renovation campaign. BCAM is named for Eli and Edy Broad, who gave $60 one thousand thousand to LACMA's campaign; Eli Broad also serves on LACMA's board of directors.[23] BCAM opened on February 16, 2008, adding 58,000 square feet (5,400 g2) of exhibition space to the museum. In 2010 the Lynda and Stewart Resnick Exhibition Pavilion opened to the public, providing the largest purpose-congenital, naturally lit, open-plan museum space in the earth.
The second phase was intended to turn the May edifice into new offices and galleries, designed past SPF Architects. As proposed, it would have had flexible gallery space, education space, authoritative offices, a new restaurant, a gift store and a bookstore, too as study centers for the museum's departments of costume and textiles, photography and prints and drawings, and a roof sculpture garden with two works by James Turrell. Notwithstanding, construction of this phase was halted in November 2010.[24] Phase two and three were never completed.
In October 2011, LACMA entered into an agreement with the Academy of Move Picture Arts and Sciences under which the Academy volition plant its University Museum of Movement Pictures, in the May building. The redesign and additions are designed by Renzo Pianoforte as well.[25] Construction of the renovated building is ongoing and the University Museum is ready to open up past 2021. The K opening was delayed by COVID-19.[26]
Watts Towers [edit]
In 2010 LACMA partnered with the City of Los Angeles Cultural Affairs Department in an effort to ensure the preservation of the Watts Towers, offer its staff, expertise, and fundraising assistance.[27] As of 2018, LACMA is working with Los Angeles Canton to develop a site at the Earvin "Magic" Johnson Park, which is close to Watts Towers.[28]
South Los Angeles Wetlands Park site [edit]
In 2018, LACMA secure a 35-year lease on an 80,000-square-pes, city-owned one-time Metro maintenance and storage one thousand from 1911 in the South Los Angeles Wetlands Park area.[28] In 2020, it was reported that LACMA was in violation of the terms of its no-rent 35-year charter for the site.[29]
Zumthor proposal [edit]
Specifics nigh the third phase, which initially was to involve renovations to older buildings, long remained undisclosed.[24] In November 2009, plans were made public that LACMA's director Michael Govan was working with Swiss builder and Pritzker Prize laureate Peter Zumthor on plans for rebuilding the eastern section of the campus, the Perreira Buildings between the two new Renzo Piano buildings and the tar pits.[xviii] [xxx] Architecture firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill collaborated with Zumthor on the edifice's design.[31] With an estimated toll of $650 million,[32] Zumthor's first proposal called for a horizontal building along Wilshire Boulevard. It would have been wrapped in glass on all sides and its main galleries lifted i floor into the air. The wide roof would have been covered with solar panels.[33] In a later concession to concerns raised by its neighbor, the Page Museum, LACMA had Zumthor alter the shape of his proposed building to stretch across Wilshire Boulevard and away from the La Brea Tar Pits.[32] [34]
In June 2014, the Los Angeles Canton Board of Supervisors approved $5 meg for LACMA to continue its proposed plans to tear down the structures on the east end of its campus for a single museum building.[35] After that year, they approved in concept a plan that would provide public financing and $125 million toward the $600-million projection.[36]
On April 8, 2019, the Zumthor-designed edifice was approved by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. The final approved edifice designed was scaled back from the original 387,500 square feet (36,000 k2) to 347,500 square feet (32,280 mii), with gallery space shrinking from 121,000 square feet (eleven,200 kii) to 110,000 foursquare feet (10,000 mii). The new proposal too dropped the blackness form aesthetics, reducing information technology to a one-level, aboveground, glass-enclosed, sand-colored concrete edifice, to relieve costs. The design notwithstanding calls for an arm above Wilshire Boulevard.[37] [38]
Other than necessary mechanical systems and bathrooms, the building's entire second story volition be devoted to gallery space.[31] Bundled in four broad clusters around the edifice, each 1 of the xx-six core galleries is designed in the form of a square or a rectangle at various scales.[31] Other services, among them the museum'due south educational activity department, shop and iii restaurants, will be at ground level, as will a 300-seat theater in the section of the building on the southern side of Wilshire Boulevard.[31]
The total cost was estimated to be at $650 million, with LA county providing $125 meg in funds and the rest raised past fundraising. Per reports LACMA has raised $560 1000000 total since December 2018.[39] The re-designed final building was criticized past some local architects, including the Los Angeles Times editorial architect Christopher Knight, calling the plans "one-half baked".[40] Los Angeles Urban center owns air rights in a higher place Wilshire, so the city council must requite approval to the project, since office of the structure goes over the street.
Demolition of the Pereira buildings began in April 2020. The sabotage was completed in Oct of that same twelvemonth.[41] In the meantime, the Zumthor building opening has been pushed back to 2024.[42]
Exhibitions [edit]
In 1971, curator Maurice Tuchman'southward revolutionary "Art and Engineering science" exhibit opened at LACMA later its debut at the 1970 Earth Exposition in Osaka, Nihon.[43] The museum staged its first exhibition past contemporary black artists later that twelvemonth, featuring Charles Wilbert White, Timothy Washington and David Hammons, then fiddling known.[44] The museum's best-attended evidence always was "Treasures of Tutankhamun", which drew one.2 meg during four months in 1978. The 2005 "Tutankhamun and the Gilt Historic period of the Pharaohs" drew 937,613 during its 137-day run. A prove of Vincent van Gogh masterpieces from the creative person's eponymous Amsterdam museum is the third most successful testify, and a 1984 exhibition of French Impressionist works is fourth.[45] In 1994, "Picasso and the Weeping Women: The Years of Marie-Therese Walter and Dora Maar" opened to rave reviews and large crowds, drawing more than 153,000 visitors.[46]
Since the arrival of current managing director Michael Govan, nigh 80% of just over 100 featured temporary exhibitions take been of Modernistic or contemporary fine art while the permanent exhibitions feature work dating from antiquity, including pre-Columbian, Assyrian and Egyptian art through gimmicky art.[47]
More than recent exhibits, focusing on popular culture and entertainment, have also been well-received, both by critics and patrons. Exhibits devoted to the works of movie-directors Tim Burton and Stanley Kubrick drew especially positive reactions and responses.[48]
Collections [edit]
LACMA'southward more than than 120,000 objects are divided amidst its numerous departments by region, media, and time menstruum and are spread amongst the diverse museum buildings.[49]
Modern and Contemporary Art [edit]
The Modern Art collection is displayed in the Ahmanson Edifice, which was renovated in 2008 to have a new entrance featuring a large staircase, conceived as a gathering place similar to Rome's Spanish Steps. Filling the atrium at the base of the staircase is Tony Smith'southward massive sculpture Smoke (1967).[fifty] The plaza level galleries too firm African art and a gallery highlighting the Robert Gore Rifkind Center for German Expressionist Studies.
The modern collection on the plaza level displays works from 1900 to the 1970s, largely populated past the Janice and Henri Lazarof Collection. In December 2007, Janice and Henri Lazarof gave LACMA 130 by and large modernist works estimated to be worth more $100 million.[51] The collection includes 20 works by Picasso, watercolors and paintings by Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky and a considerable number of sculptures past Alberto Giacometti, Constantin Brâncuși, Henry Moore, Willem de Kooning, Joan Miró, Louise Nevelson, Archipenko, and Arp.[52] [53]
Gallery of works by Alberto Giacometti
The Gimmicky Art drove is displayed in the 60,000-square-foot (5,600 chiliadii) Broad Gimmicky Art Museum (BCAM), opened on February 16, 2008. BCAM's inaugural exhibition featured 176 works by 28 artists of postwar Modern art from the late 1950s to the present. All but 30 of the works initially displayed came from the drove of Eli and Edythe Broad (pronounced "brode").[54] Long-fourth dimension trustee Robert Halff had already donated 53 works of contemporary art in 1994. Components of that souvenir included Joan Miró, Jasper Johns, Sam Francis, Frank Stella, Lari Pittman, Chris Burden, Richard Serra, John Chamberlain, Matthew Barney, and Jeff Koons. Information technology also provided LACMA with its first drawings by Claes Oldenburg and Cy Twombly.[55]
Back Seat Contrivance '38 (1964), past Edward Kienholz, is a sculpture portraying a couple engaged in sex in the back seat of a truncated 1938 Dodge automobile chassis. The piece won Kienholz instant celebrity in 1966 when the Los Angeles County Lath of Supervisors tried to ban the sculpture every bit pornographic and threatened to withhold financing from LACMA if it included the piece of work in a Kienholz retrospective. A compromise was reached under which the sculpture's automobile door would remain airtight and guarded, to be opened only on the request of a museum patron who was over 18, and just if no children were present in the gallery. The uproar led to more than 200 people lining up to come across the work the twenty-four hour period the show opened. Ever since, Back Seat Dodge '38 has drawn crowds.[56]
American and Latin American art [edit]
The Art of the Americas Building has American, Latin American, and pre-Columbian collections displayed on the second floor and temporary exhibition infinite on the start floor. Formerly known as the Anderson Edifice, the Art of the Americas Building comprises galleries for art from Northward, Key, and South America.[57]
LACMA'southward Latin American Art galleries reopened in July 2008 later on several years renovation. The Latin American drove includes pre-Columbian, Spanish Colonial, Modern, and contemporary works. Many recent additions to the collection were financed by sales of works from an i,800 piece holding of 20th century Mexican art compiled by dealer-collectors Bernard and Edith Lewin and given to the museum in 1997.[58]
The pre-Columbian galleries were redesigned by Jorge Pardo, a Los Angeles artist who works in sculpture, design, and architecture.[58] Pardo's display cases are built from thick, stacked sheets of medium-density fiberboard (MDF), with spacing of equal thickness in between the 70-plus layers. The laser-cut organic forms undulate and nifty out from the walls, sharply contrasting to the rectangular display cases constitute in about art museums.[59]
The museum's pre-Columbian collection began in the 1980s with the commencement installment of a 570-piece gift from Southern California collector Constance McCormick Fearing and the purchase of well-nigh 200 pieces from 50.A. man of affairs Proctor Stafford. The holdings recently jumped from almost 1,800 to 2,500 objects with a gift of Colombian ceramics from Camilla Chandler Frost, a LACMA trustee and the sister of Otis Chandler, former Los Angeles Times publisher, and Stephen and Claudia Muñoz-Kramer of Atlanta, whose family built the collection.[58] A sizable portion of LACMA'southward pre-Columbian collection was excavated from burial chambers in Colima, Nayarit and other regions around Jalisco in modern-twenty-four hours United mexican states.[59] LACMA boasts one of the largest collections of Latin American fine art due to the generous donation of more than 2,000 works of art past Bernard Lewin and his wife Edith Lewin in 1996. In 2007 the museum signed an agreement with the Fundación Cisneros for a loan of 25 colonial-style works, later extended until 2017.[57]
The Spanish Colonial drove includes work from 17th and 18th century Mexican artists Miguel Cabrera, José de Ibarra, José de Páez, and Nicolás Rodriguez Juárez. The collection has galleries for Diego Rivera and Rufino Tamayo. The Latin American gimmicky gallery highlights works Francis Alÿs.[59]
Asian art [edit]
The Hammer Building houses the Chinese and Korean collections.[l] The Korean fine art collection began with the donation of a group of Korean ceramics in 1966 by Bak Jeonghui, then president of the Republic of Korea, after a visit to the museum. LACMA today claims to have the almost comprehensive holding outside of Korea and Nippon.[sixty] The Pavilion for Japanese Art displays the Shin'enkan collection donated by Joe D. Toll. In 1999 LACMA trustee Eric Lidow and his married woman, Leza, donated 75 aboriginal Chinese works valued at a total of $three.5 million, including important bronze objects and prime examples of Buddhist sculpture.[61] LACMA besides has a rich collection of relics from Bharat, generally consisting of sculptures of Jain Tirthankaras, Buddha and Hindu deities. Many Paintings from India are too present in the LACMA.
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Elephant with Riders, Uttar Pradesh, India, tertiary-2nd century B.C.
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Shrine with Four tirthankaras, 6th century
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Goddess Ambika in Los Angeles County Museum of Fine art, sixth-7th century
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A Jain Family Group, 6th century
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Jina Mahavira, circa 850 CE
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Jain Altarpiece with Parshvanatha, Mahavira and Neminatha, 10th century
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Cosmic Form of the Hindu God Shiva, India, 11th-12th century
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Dancing Ganesha, Lord of Obstacles, India, 16th-17th century
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A Relief with Mother Goddesses, Bihar, Bharat, ninth century
-
Buddha Shakyamuni or the Bodhisattva Maitreya, Bihar, India, 8th century
Greek, Roman, and Etruscan art [edit]
The second floor of the Ahmanson Building has Greek and Roman Art galleries. A large portion of the museum'southward ancient Greek and Roman art collection was donated by William Randolph Hearst, the publishing magnate, in the tardily 1940s and early on 1950s.
Islamic art [edit]
The museum'due south Islamic galleries include over 1700 works from ceramics and inlaid metalwork to enameled drinking glass, carved stone and wood, and arts of the book from manuscript illumination to Islamic calligraphy. The collection is especially strong in Persian and Turkish glazed pottery and tiles, glass, and arts of the volume. The collection began in earnest in 1973 when the Nasli G. Heeramaneck Collection was gifted to the museum past philanthropist Joan Palevsky.[62]
Decorative arts and pattern [edit]
In 1990 Max Palevsky gave 32 pieces of Arts and Crafts furniture to LACMA ; three years afterwards, he added an boosted 42 pieces to his gift. In 2000, he donated $two one thousand thousand to LACMA for Arts and crafts works. He supplied nearly a 3rd of the 300 objects displayed in a 2004–05 LACMA exhibit, "The Arts and crafts Movement in Europe and America: 1880–1920" and in 2009, the museum presented "The Arts and crafts Movement: Masterworks From the Max Palevsky and Jodie Evans Collection".[63] With a unmarried acquisition in 2009, LACMA became a major center for the study and brandish of 18th- and 19th-century European clothing when it bought the holdings of dealers Martin Kamer of London and Wolfgang Ruf of Beckenried, Switzerland—about 250 outfits and 300 accessories created between 1700 and 1915, including men'due south iii-slice suits, women's dresses, children'south garb, and a vast assortment of shoes, hats, purses, shawls, fans, and undergarments.[64]
Permanent art installations [edit]
Los Angeles sculptor Robert Graham created the towering, bronze Retrospective Column (1981, cast in 1986) for the entrance of the Art of the Americas Edifice. A new gimmicky sculpture garden was opened directly east of the museum's Wilshire Boulevard archway in 1991, including big-scale outdoor sculptures by Alice Aycock, Ellsworth Kelly, Henry Moore, and others. The centerpiece of the garden is Alexander Calder's 3-piece mobile Hullo Girls, commissioned past a women'due south museum-support group for the museum's opening in 1965. Situated in a curving reflecting puddle, the mobile has brightly colored paddles that are moved by jets of h2o.[65] [66]
The Ahmanson Edifice's atrium was remodeled to hold Tony Smith's Smoke, which had not been displayed since its original 1967 presentation at Washington, D.C.'southward Corcoran Gallery of Art. The massive black painted aluminum artwork is made up of 43 piers and is 45 ft (14 grand) long, 33 ft (10 thousand) broad, and 22 ft (6.7 m) high. The newly made work was initially on loan from the artist's estate,[67] but in 2010, after several months of intense fundraising efforts, "the museum caused the piece of work for an undisclosed amount reported to exceed $3 million and [with an insurance valuation of] 'over $5 one thousand thousand.'"[68] The purchase was "made possible by The Belldegrun Family's gift to LACMA in honor of Rebecka Belldegrun's birthday", per the museum.[69]
Eli and Edythe Broad contributed $x one thousand thousand to fund the purchase of Richard Serra's Band sculpture, on display on the first floor of BCAM when the building opened.[54] [seventy]
Surrounding the BCAM building and LACMA'south courtyard is a 100 palm tree garden, designed past artist Robert Irwin and mural architect Paul Comstock. Some of the 30 varieties of palms are in the ground, just most are in big wooden boxes above ground.[71] [72] Straight in front of the new archway to LACMA on Wilshire Boulevard, where Ogden Bulldoze once bisected the twenty-acre campus between Wilshire Boulevard and sixth Street, is Chris Burden's Urban Calorie-free (2008), an orderly, multi-tiered installation of 202 antique bandage-iron street lights from diverse cities in and around the Los Angeles expanse. The street lights are functional, turn on in the evening, and are powered past solar panels on the roof of the BP Grand Archway.
Originally Jeff Koons' Tulips (1995–2004) sculpture was inside the Grand Entrance building and Charles Ray's Burn down Truck (1993) was outside in the courtyard, both lent by the Broad Art Foundation. Both sculptures were removed afterward being on display for 3 months due to unexpected harm from patrons and wear.[73]
On February 2, 2007, Michael Govan, with Koons, revealed plans for a 161-foot (49 m)-alpine Koons sculpture featuring an operational 1940s locomotive suspended from a crane. The sculpture would be located at the entrance on Wilshire Boulevard, between the Ahmanson Building and the Broad Contemporary Art Museum.[74] [75] By 2011, subsequently "the fundraising climate soured and Koons' California fabricator, Carlson & Co, went out of business after completing a $2.3-million feasibility written report"[76] and a $25 million estimated cost, Govan said "We don't accept a final method of construction, and I don't take a concluding fundraising program."[77] Koons said they are at present working with the German fabricator Arnold, outside of Frankfurt, to practice an additional engineering study, and Govan says he has committed to spending half a million dollars for that study.[76] The museum has J.B. Turner Engine (1986), a small Koons piece which was shown in the 2006–2007 "Magritte and Contemporary Art: The Treachery of Images" exhibition.[78]
Levitated Mass by artist Michael Heizer is the latest project at LACMA. On December 8, 2011, this 340-ton boulder, 21.v feet (half dozen.6 k) wide and 21.5 feet (6.6 one thousand) in height, was ready to get out its quarry in Riverside County, afterwards months of postponements.[79] It sits atop the 456-foot-long trench which allows people to walk nether and around the massive stone. The move started on February 28, 2012, and completed on March 10, 2012. The art piece was opened on June 24, 2012, by Heizer, Los Angeles County Supervisor Zev Yaroslavsky, and Los Angeles City Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa.[80]
Photography [edit]
The Wallis Annenberg Photography Section was launched in 1984 with a grant from the Ralph M. Parsons Foundation. It has holdings of more than than 15 yard works that span the period from the medium'southward invention in 1839 to the present. Photography likewise is integrated into other departments. Although LACMA's photo collection encompasses the entire field, information technology has many gaps and is far smaller than that of the J. Paul Getty Museum.[81] In 1992 Audrey and Sydney Irmas donated their entire photography collection, creating what is now the Los Angeles Canton Museum of Art'due south Audrey and Sydney Irmas Collection of Artists' Self-Portraits, a large and highly specialized pick spanning 150 years. The couple donated the collection two years before a major exhibition of the collection was mounted at LACMA; the display included photos of and past artistic photographers ranging from chemist Alphonse Poitevin in 1853 to Robert Mapplethorpe in 1988. Among other cocky-portraits in the collection were those of Andy Warhol, Lee Friedlander, and Edward Steichen.[82] Audrey Irmas continues to purchase for the collection, but at present all the additions are gifts to LACMA.[83] In 2008 LACMA announced that the Annenberg Foundation was making a $23 1000000 gift for the acquisition of the Marjorie and Leonard Vernon collection of 19th- and 20th-century photographs. Among the 3,500 master prints are works past Steichen, Edward Weston, Ansel Adams, Eugène Atget, Imogen Cunningham, Catherine Opie, Cindy Sherman, Barbara Kruger, Ave Pildas[84] and Man Ray. The gift also provided an endowment and capital to help build storage facilities for the museum's photographic holdings, leading to its photography department being renamed the Wallis Annenberg Department of Photography.[85] In 2011 LACMA and the J. Paul Getty Trust jointly acquired Robert Mapplethorpe'due south fine art and archival textile, including more than than two,000 works by the creative person.[86]
Film [edit]
LACMA's flick programme was founded by Phil Chamberlin in the late 1960s.[87] In 2009 LACMA appear plans to abolish its 41-year-old moving-picture show serial, citing declining attendance and funding. The decision drew widespread criticism from cinephiles, including film director Martin Scorsese, who wrote an open protest letter of the alphabet that was published in the Los Angeles Times. In response, the museum expanded its movie offerings and partnered with Moving picture Contained to launch a new series. In 2011 LACMA and the University of Motion picture Arts and Sciences announced partnership plans to open a motion picture museum within three years in the former May Co. building.[88]
Acquisitions and donors [edit]
Private donors [edit]
In 2014, LACMA received a $500 million donation of fine art from businessman Jerry Perenchio. The 47-piece drove contains works by Paul Cézanne, Edgar Degas, René Magritte, Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, and Pablo Picasso. LACMA executive director Michael Govan said it was the biggest gift in the museum's history, and The Washington Post chosen information technology "conceivably ane of the greatest art gifts ever, to whatsoever museum".[89] Perenchio's donation, which becomes effective upon his death, occurs only if the museum completes structure of the new building designed by Peter Zumthor.[89]
The $54 1000000 Resnick Pavillon was made possible by a $45 meg souvenir from the philanthropists for whom information technology is named.[90] On March 6, 2007, BP appear a $25 million donation to name the entry pavilion under construction every bit part of LACMA'south renovation campaign the "BP Grand Entrance". The $25 1000000 gift matches Walt Disney Co.'s 1997 gift for Disney Hall every bit the biggest corporate donation to the arts in Southern California. Previously, in 2006, LACMA had announced that the new entrance would be called the "Lynda and Stewart Resnick Grand Entrance Pavilion", in honor of their $25 million souvenir.
An 18th-century painting of Hindu goddesses Matrikas fighting demons, from LACMA.
Lime Spoon with cast picaflor, 1250–1470, Republic of peru, Inca.
Purchased with funds provided past Lillian Apodaca Weiner (M.2003.77)
On Jan 8, 2008, Eli Broad revealed plans to retain permanent control of his roughly ii,000 works of modernistic and contemporary fine art in the independent Broad Art Foundation, which loans works to museums, rather than giving the art away. Broad, equally recently equally a yr prior, had said that he planned to give most of his holdings to 1 or several museums, i of which was assumed to be LACMA. However, LACMA remains the "preferred" museum to receive works from the Foundation.[91]
Wide, previously vice chairman of LACMA's board of directors, financed the $56-1000000 Broad Contemporary Art Museum (BCAM) building at LACMA; he also provided an additional $10 million to purchase two works of art to exist displayed in it. BCAM displayed 220 pieces borrowed from Broad and his Broad Art Foundation when it opened in Feb 2008. In 2001 LACMA was criticized for hosting a major exhibition of Broad's drove without having secured a promised gift of the works, an act that is prohibited at many prominent fine art institutions because information technology can increase the market place value of the collection.[51]
In 2002 the Annenberg Foundation gave the museum $10 million to constitute a special endowment fund to back up exhibitions, art acquisitions and educational programs at the discretion of its director. In recognition of the gift, LACMA named its leadership position the Wallis Annenberg directorship. In 2001 Wallis Annenberg endowed a curatorial fellowship program with a $ane-meg gift. In 1991, the foundation contributed $x million to LACMA's endowment and in 1999 information technology donated $100,000 to provide arts education training for Los Angeles simple school teachers.[xix]
In 2001 the museum lost out on the modern art drove of Nathan and Marian Smooke, a former museum trustee and industrial existent-manor developer whose heirs sold much of his collection at auction rather than altruistic it.[92] [93]
In 1996 the museum suffered nonetheless another serious blow when the Gilbert Drove of Italian mosaics and other decorative objects, promised as an eventual bequest, and parts of which had been on display for decades, was withdrawn. The would-be donor claimed that the Museum had reneged on a written understanding to provide more than exhibit space for it.[94] [95] The collection is considered one of the finest in the earth of its kind. Moreover, dissimilar the Hammer and Simon collections, information technology did not remain in the Los Angeles surface area only was removed to the United Kingdom.
Armand Hammer was a LACMA lath fellow member for nearly seventeen years, start in 1968, and during this time continued to announce the museum would inherit his whole collection. Hammer'south collection included works from Van Gogh, John Vocalizer Sargent, Thomas Eakins, Gustave Moreau, Edgar Degas, and Paul Cézanne. When LACMA was offered a collection of works by Honoré Daumier, Hammer bought the works on the promise that he would give them to the museum. To LACMA's surprise, Hammer instead founded the Hammer Museum, built adjacent to Occidental's headquarters in Los Angeles.[96]
Between 1972 and 2020, the Ahmanson Foundation spent nearly $130 million to finance the museum'due south acquisitions of 99 artworks, including masterpieces like Magdalene with the Smoking Flame by Georges de La Tour, others by Rembrandt, Watteau and Bernini, and a suite of 42 French oil sketches. The donations were not fabricated with any contractual stipulations that the works remain on view.[97] In 2020, the foundation suspended the acquisition program.[97]
In the early on 1970s Norton Simon, the chairman of Norton Simon, Inc., which owned Avis Motorcar Rental, Hunt'south Foods, Max Factor Cosmetics, Canada Dry Corp., and McCall's Publishing, amongst other interests, agreed to take the financial responsibleness of the troubled Pasadena Museum of Art. Norton Simon Museum He subsequently donated his all-encompassing collection to the new entity, now the Norton Simon Museum of Art. He had earlier fabricated some indication of donating the work to LACMA.[51] [91]
From 1946 to his death in 1951, William Randolph Hearst was LACMA's largest benefactor. He remains the largest donor to the museum in number of objects. His donations formed the museum's collection of Greek and Roman antiquities, medieval and early on Renaissance sculptures, and much of the collection of European decorative arts.[viii]
Fine art councils [edit]
Over the course of the LACMA's history, 10 art councils—each supporting a specific area of the collection—have acquired or helped larn well-nigh 5,000 works of art for the museum. The art councils contain groups of art enthusiasts and professionals who pay a minimum of $400 a year in dues and organize projects to enhance money for a favorite department.[98] Founded in 1952, the Art Museum Council is LACMA'due south showtime volunteer back up council and supports the whole of the museum's endeavors. The Modern and Contemporary Fine art Quango, founded in 1961, is the longest-running support grouping for contemporary art at any museum in the state.[99] In 1986 the Annual Collectors Commission weekends were started and have raised a total of $sixteen one thousand thousand for the purchase of 157 works, valued at $75 one thousand thousand.[100] The Photographic Arts Council, founded in 2001, is the youngest of ten ten support groups, offer its members visits to artists' studios and private collections, curator-led tours of exhibitions and lectures about the care and conservation of photographs.[101]
Collectors Commission [edit]
Each year a distinguished group of donors contributes directly to the enrichment of LACMA's permanent collection through participation in the Collectors Committee, creating a fund to spend on art through purchasing tickets ranging between $xv,000 and $60,000[102] for the effect.[103] Once a year, the Collectors Committee members run into at the museum to hear acquisition proposals from the diverse curators. Each curator has roughly five minutes to plead their case to the patrons, who vote later that day at a black-tie gala event at the museum on which artworks should become the next acquisitions for the permanent drove.[102] The 2012 gala raised more than $2.8 million.[104] Since its inception in 1986, the upshot has brought some 170 works of fine art into the museum'due south collection.[105]
LACMA Art + Film Gala [edit]
The museum puts on an annual gala dinner, inaugurated in 2011 featuring entertainment by international artists and hosted past national entertainers such equally Angeleno Leonardo Di Caprio (2012). The annual event, the Art + Picture Gala, is designed to assist the museum shore up support from Hollywood leaders. Gala prices range from $5,000 for an individual gold ticket to $100,000 for a platinum tabular array.[106] The 2018 gala raised approximately $4.v million for the museum'southward operations and collections,[107] up from $4.1 million in 2013[108] and just under $3 million in 2011.[109]
Gala honorees have included Betye Saar and Alfonso Cuaron in 2019,[110] Catherine Opie and Guillermo del Toro in 2018;[107] Mark Bradford and George Lucas in 2017;[111] Kathryn Bigelow and Robert Irwin in 2016;[112] Alejandro González Iñárritu and James Turrell in 2015;[113] Barbara Kruger and Quentin Tarantino in 2014; Martin Scorsese and David Hockney in 2013; the belatedly Stanley Kubrick and Ed Ruscha in 2012; and Clint Eastwood and John Baldessari in 2011.[114]
Deaccessioning [edit]
Forth with other museums that take consigned works to auction in the by, LACMA has been sharply criticized for pruning its fine art holdings.[115] In 2005, on the occasion of the expansion, reorganization and reinstallation of its collection in 2007, LACMA auctioned 43 works at Sotheby'due south. The works sold included paintings by Amedeo Modigliani, Camille Pissarro and Max Beckmann, sculptures past Alberto Giacometti and Henry Moore, and works on paper by Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse and Edgar Degas.[116] The biggest sale of works past the museum since the early 1980s, it was expected to fetch $10.4 meg to $xv.4 million; it eventually resulted in a full of $thirteen million.[115] Among the most valuable was a Modigliani portrait of the Spanish landscape painter Manuel Humbert, which sold for $4.9 million.[117]
Programs [edit]
In 1966 Maurice Tuchman, then curator of modernistic art at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, introduced the Art and Engineering science (A&T) program. Within the program, artists similar Robert Irwin and James Turrell were placed, for example, at the Garrett Corporation, to deport research into perception.[118] The program yielded an exhibition that ran at LACMA and traveled to Expo 'seventy in Osaka, Japan.[119] It too contributed to the development of the Light and Infinite movement.
Management [edit]
Funding [edit]
Andrea Rich won praise for doubling the museum'due south endowment, to more than $100 meg, and for increasing attendance and pursuing programs and acquisitions that might appeal to the varied segments of the urban center'due south various population, similar Islamic, Latin American and Korean fine art.[120] Rich resigned in part because of disputes with Eli Broad, including one over hiring a curator for the new Wide gimmicky art heart.[121] In 2008, LACMA fabricated a formal offer to merge with MOCA and to assist that museum raise new coin from donors.[122]
Per the Los Angeles County Code and various operating agreements, Museum Assembly, a nonprofit public benefit corporation organized nether the laws of the state of California, manages, operates, and maintains the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. In 2011, LACMA reported net assets (basically, a total of all the resources it has on its books, except the value of the fine art) of $300 million.[123] That year, the museum's endowment grew from $99.vi one thousand thousand to $106.8 million.[124] Past issuing $383 1000000 in tax-free structure bonds,[125] the museum paid for its ongoing expansion and renovation, which has yielded the new Broad Contemporary Art Museum and the Resnick Exhibition Pavilion as well as other improvements. The Los Angeles County provides around $29 one thousand thousand a year,[35] covering more than than a third of the museum's operating expenses.[126]
LACMA typically raises around $xl meg from donations and membership dues, which are accounted for as gifts, paying for almost half of LACMA'southward average expenses of about $92 one thousand thousand.[127]
Omnipresence [edit]
Although attendance has grown in recent years, it still remained at 914,356 visitors in 2010.[128] In 2011, around 1.ii million visitors went to LACMA, making it the first time the museum broke the 1 million mark.[129] In 2015, attendance reached 1.6 million.[130]
Directors [edit]
- Dr. Richard (Ric) F. Brown – 1961 – 1966[8]
- Kenneth Donahue 1966 – 1979
- Earl A. Powell III – 1980 – 1992
- Michael E. Shapiro – 1992 – 1993
- Betwixt 1993 and 1995, Main Deputy Managing director Ronald B. Bratton was handling financial and authoritative activities and Stephanie Barron, chief curator of modernistic and contemporary art, was coordinating curatorial affairs.[131]
- Graham W. J. Aggravate – 1996 – 1999
- Andrea L. Rich – 1999 – 2005
- Michael Govan – 2006–present
In 1996, LACMA's board of trustees decided that the traditional dual part of manager as chief ambassador/artistic director should be carve up, and appointed Andrea Rich as president and chief executive officer of the museum, while Graham W. J. Aggravate ran its artistic programs.[132] As function of a 2005 restructuring, the president position was again made the second-ranking chore in the institution.[133]
LACMA provides a abode to the director. From that purpose, it has owned a 5,100 sq ft (470 m2) Hancock Park holding since 2006.[134] In 2020, Museum Associates acquired a iii,300 sq ft (310 grandii) house on a seven,800 sq ft (720 one thousandtwo) lot in Mid-Wilshire for $2.2 million.[135]
Board of trustees [edit]
LACMA is governed by a board of trustees which sets policy and determines the museum'southward strategic direction. Lath membership is one of the few concrete means to measure philanthropy in the museum world. LACMA costs $100,000 to join; each lath member commits to donating or raising at least another $100,000 a twelvemonth for the nonprofit museum.[136] The museum currently has over 50 active board members; thirty of them take joined since 2006, including Barbra Streisand, songwriter Carole Bayer Sager, collector Dasha Zhukova, TV journalist Willow Bay, producer Brian Grazer, Sony Pictures Entertainment chairman Michael Lynton, and TV presenter Ryan Seacrest.[137] [138] Since 2015, the board has been co-chaired past Elaine Wynn and Tony Ressler.[139]
Notably, Tom Gores stepped downwards from his postal service as a board trustee in 2020, after advocacy groups Worth Rises and Color of Alter had called for his removal over his investment in Securus Technologies.[140]
Selected paintings [edit]
-
Titian, Portrait of Jacopo (Giacomo) Dolfi, 1532
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-
-
-
-
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Pablo Picasso, Portrait of Sebastià Junyer Vidal (and a Woman), 1903
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Selected objects [edit]
-
Ashurnasirpal 2 and a Winged Deity, Northern Iraq, Nimrud, gypseous alabaster, 9th century B.C.
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Canis familiaris with Human Mask, Mexico, Colima, slip-painted ceramic sculpture, 200 B.C. - A.D. 500
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Standing Warrior, Mexico, Jalisco, Slip-painted ceramic sculpture, circa 200 B.C.- A.D. 300
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Funerary Sculpture of a Equus caballus, Prc, Sichuan Province, Eastern Han dynasty, molded earthenware sculpture, 25-220
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Hindu God Vishnu, Cambodia, Angkor, Pre Rup, sandstone, circa 950
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Kannon Bosatsu, Nippon, carved wood, 12th century
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Jar (Ping) with Dragon and Clouds, Mainland china, Hebei or Henan Province, Yuan dynasty, Cizhou ware, 1279-1368
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Maruyama Ōkyo, Cranes, Nippon, pair of 6-panel screens; ink, color, and gilt leafage on newspaper, 1772
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Antecedent Figure (moai kavakava), Easter Island (Rapa Nui), forest, bird bone, obsidian, and traces of pigment, circa 1830
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Encounter also [edit]
- La Brea Tar Pits, adjacent door to Los Angeles County Museum of Art
References [edit]
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- ^ a b Muchnic, Suzanne (Feb 3, 2008), "Wide Ambitions", Los Angeles Times, pp. F1, F8
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- ^ a b Smith, Roberta (February 15, 2008), "Broad Ambitions", Los Angeles Times, pp. F29, F37
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- ^ Wyatt, Edward (October 2, 2007), "In Sunny Southern California, a Sculpture Finds Its Place in the Shadows", New York Times
- ^ a b Suzanne Muchnic (August 19, 2007), Spreading the riches Los Angeles Times.
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- ^ Suzanne Muchnic (June 21, 2009), 'Your Vivid Future' spotlights Korean artists at LACMA Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Suzanne Muchnic (July 21, 1999), LACMA Gets $3.5-Million Gift of Chinese Fine art Los Angeles Times.
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- ^ Christopher Knight (May 12, 2009), Alexander Calder'due south 1964 'Hullo Girls' back on view at LACMA Los Angeles Times.
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- ^ Finkel, Jori, "Tony Smith'southward awe-inspiring sculpture 'Fume' volition not disappear from LACMA; multimillion-dollar purchase finalized", Los Angeles Times Culture Monster blog, June 18, 2010 4:32 pm. Retrieved 2011-07-x.
- ^ "Tony Smith ... Smoke" Archived November five, 2011, at the Wayback Motorcar, Collections page, LACMA website. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ "LACMA Acquires Monumental Sculpture By American Artist Richard Serra" (PDF) (Press release). Los Angeles County Museum of Fine art. May 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October three, 2007. Retrieved May ix, 2008.
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- ^ "Transforming LACMA > Progress Study". Archived from the original on May 18, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ Christie, Tom (Feb ii, 2007), "This Is Not a Very Big Train Engine Hanging From a Crane at LACMA: Not yet, anyway", LA Weekly
- ^ a b Finkel, Jori, "LACMA'south Michael Govan on Jeff Koons' locomotive, James Turrell retrospective", Los Angeles Times Civilisation Monster blog, May 16, 2011 1:27 pm. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ Finkel, Jori, Since that fourth dimension, State rubber officials have panned the idea of hanging whatever object from a crane for an extended period of time, suggesting that Govan build a replica of a crane and locomotive instead. "A master works his magic on museum: Michael Govan has transformed LACMA and get a cultural force. He's not done.", Los Angeles Times, May xv, 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-x.
- ^ "Jeff Koons ... J.B. Turner Engine" Archived January thirty, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Collections page, LACMA website. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
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- ^ Deborah Vankin (September 22, 2011), LACMA set to roll away the stone, Los Angeles Times.
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- ^ a b Reynolds, Christopher (January 15, 2008), "Finding the silver lining Moving on to Programme B", Los Angeles Times
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- ^ Jori Finkel (May 8, 2009), My Dream Is for Sale; Purchase Information technology for Me New York Times.
- ^ Suzanne Muchnic (August 14, 2010), Eclectic photo exhibition from LACMA arts council at Duncan Miller Gallery Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b Deborah Vankin (Apr 27, 2014), LACMA curators foyer for new pieces at Collectors Commission event Los Angeles Times.
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- ^ Jori Finkel (July 23, 2012), LACMA's next art-film gala to honor Ed Ruscha, Stanley Kubrick Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b Matthew Stromberg (November 4, 2018), LACMA's Fine art + Film Gala blurs boundaries between the museum globe and Hollywood Los Angeles Times.
- ^ David Ng (November 3, 2013), Martin Scorsese, David Hockney feted at LACMA gala Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Jori Finkel (October 28, 2012), Big Hollywood turnout for LACMA's Ruscha and Kubrick gala Los Angeles Times.
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- ^ Deborah Vankin (November v, 2017), LACMA's Fine art + Flick Gala honors Mark Bradford and George Lucas Los Angeles Times.
- ^ David Ng (Baronial 16, 2016), Kathryn Bigelow, Robert Irwin to be honored at LACMA gala Los Angeles Times.
- ^ David Ng (July 15, 2015), Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu, James Turrell to be honored by LACMA Los Angeles Times.
- ^ David Ng (August eleven, 2014), Quentin Tarantino, Barbara Kruger volition be honorees at LACMA gala Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b Suzanne Muchnic (November 4, 2005), LACMA art brings in $13 million Los Angeles Times.
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- ^ Carol Vogel (February 2, 2006), Dia Official May Exist Hired By Los Angeles Museum New York Times.
- ^ Edward Wyatt (February x, 2008), To Accept and Requite Non New York Times.
- ^ Edward Wyatt (December xvi, 2008), Los Angeles Museum Proposes to Salvage Another New York Times.
- ^ Shane Ferro (July 25, 2012), Every bit MOCA'southward Money Woes Simmer, A Look at How Major Museums' Finances Work BLOUINARTINFO.
- ^ Mike Boehm (October 23, 2010), Michael Govan'due south LACMA contract renewal revealed Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Mike Boehm (Nov twenty, 2010) Los Angeles County Museum of Art officials halt farther construction until more donations are secured Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Mike Boehm (August 15, 2011) LACMA's bond rating drops to A3 Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Mike Boehm (December 16, 2014) Getty hires new height fundraiser after early on efforts prove modest results Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Jori Finkel (March thirty, 2011), Attendance at Fifty.A. museums lags behind Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Javier Human foot and Emily Sharpe (March 23, 2012), Omnipresence survey 2011: Brazil's exhibition nail puts Rio on height Archived June 26, 2014, at the Wayback Car The Art Paper.
- ^ Javier Foot, José da Silva, Emily Sharpe (March 29, 2017), Company figures 2016: Christo helps one.ii million people to walk on water The Art Newspaper.
- ^ Suzanne Muchnic (March 16, 1995), Yearlong Search Still Hasn't Produced a LACMA Manager Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Christopher Knight (March 31, 1996), Proper Full-blooded for LACMA Post: Graham Beal brings a stellar reputation to art museum Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Christopher Reynolds (June 8, 2005), LACMA names a new president Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Wallace Ludel (October 1, 2020), Lacma has put its director's spacious $vi.57m home on the marketplaceThe Art Newspaper.
- ^ Carolina A. Miranda (September 30, 2020), LACMA was housing its director in a dwelling house selling for $half dozen.6 million. Now the pool party's over Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Mike Boehm (November 2, 2009) Songwriter Carole Bayer Sager and two others join LACMA'southward lath Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Jori Finkel (October 28, 2010), Museums ringlet out the cherry-red carpet for Hollywood Los Angeles Times.
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- ^ David Ng (June 18, 2015), LACMA names new co-chairs Elaine Wynn, Antony Ressler Los Angeles Times
- ^ Nancy Kenney (October 10, 2020), Tom Gores steps down from Lacma board subsequently pressure over prison telecom tiesThe Fine art Paper.
External links [edit]
- Official website
- LACMA'south permanent drove: Admission to more than than eighty,000 works of art from the museum's permanent drove. Via this website, the museum too enables users to download and use, without whatever restrictions, high quality images of about twenty,000 works of art they deem to be in the public domain.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art
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